> [!languages] [[(In)refugios|esp]] | [[(In)refugis|cat]] | [[(Un)refuges|eng]] # (Un)refuges > [!noteinfo] > **2016** — [[../../../Info/Marco Noris|Marco Noris]] – [Marco Noris, visual artist - Refugium, refugia](https://marconoris.com/refugiumrefugia) A few years ago, during a visit to the Exile Memorial Museum of La Jonquera (Museu Memorial d’Exili – MUME), I read for the first time about [[../../../Themarium/Memoria/Rivesaltes/Rivesaltes|Camp de Rivesaltes]], also known as Camp Maréchal Joffre, a former concentration camp in the south of France which was first opened in the 1930s to accommodate Spanish exiles. The camp remained open for nearly 70 years, and it was also used as a concentration camp during the Nazi occupation and then as an internment camp for Algerian Harkis. The history of [[../../../Themarium/Memoria/Rivesaltes/Rivesaltes|Rivesaltes]] is a dramatic account that takes us through the entire 20th century, which is why it is used as a guide to research the most tragic events of contemporary European history. [[../../../Themarium/Memoria/Rivesaltes/Rivesaltes|Rivesaltes]] is not exclusively a geographical location; it is also - or especially, now that the ruins have made way for memory – a collective emotional space. _(Un)refuges_ has therefore been conceived from the debris of the camp, persecutor and witness to the atrocity of the Nazi deportations and the drama of exile of thousands of people. The memory of [[../../../Themarium/Memoria/Rivesaltes/Rivesaltes|Rivesaltes]] is the current reality of the camps that hold millions of lives, millions of refugees, millions of dramas all over the world and at the doors of the European Union. Nevertheless, this is not a work about [[../../../Themarium/Memoria/Rivesaltes/Rivesaltes|Rivesaltes]], nor is it historical research. In this case, history is really the guide to a journey in the collective emotional memory, seeking the universality of individual experience, beyond eras, boundaries and nationalities. The _(un)refuges_ are the physical and emotional places of uprooting, where the need for shelter is accompanied by its refusal and where the solution to the tragedy is only the lesser evil. The camps are _(un)refuges_ and they certify the loss of dignity and identity of refugees, broken, separated from their roots, their land, their past. Places where burial frequently follows exile. Mass graves, holes, burial mounds, boxes: symbolic _(un)refuges_, cynical alternatives to cynical European policies. And finally _(un)refuged_ as an intrinsic condition of the exiled, where the impossibility to return home goes hand in hand with the absolute and definitive impossibility to have a new home, because uprooting is an irreversible trauma that affects the actual fundamentals of human beings. > [!Links] > - [(In)refugis 1936/2016 - Exposición en Canem Galeria | Marco Noris — docs](https://timeline.marconoris.com/2016/05/inrefugis-canem-gallery) > - [“(In)refugis” solo exhibition by Marco Noris at the Roman Temple of Vic | Marco Noris — docs](https://timeline.marconoris.com/2016/10/inrefugis-solo-exhibition-by-marco-noris-at-the-roman-temple-of-vic) > - [Marco Noris, visual artist - Refugium, refugia](https://marconoris.com/refugiumrefugia/) > - [Visit to the exhibition, January 18, 2020](https://timeline.marconoris.com/visita-rivesaltes-y-refugium-refugia-al-mume) > - [Exposició: Refugium, refugia](https://www.museuexili.cat/ca/programacio-cultural/historic/exposicions-temporals/event/1262-exposicio-refugium-refugia-de-marco-noris) > - [[../Maremortum|Maremortum (Draft)]] > - [[../Nota sobre la exposición al MuME|Nota sobre la exposición al MuME]] <iframe style="border:none;" width="100%" height="900" src="https://www.are.na/marco-noris/de-memoria-y-desmemoria/embed" title="Sequere route" sandbox="allow-popups allow-scripts allow-same-origin" target="arena"></iframe>